Practical teaching is an important link to strengthen students’ professional knowledge education and cultivate students’ practical ability, and graduates of mechanical majors should have the initial ability of product design, manufacturing and engineering management, which is inseparable from practical teaching.

Relying on the on-campus and off-campus practical teaching bases, the Mechanical Department of Wanfang Institute of Science and Technology has undertaken the practical teaching tasks of mechanical foundation and mechanical majors in the engineering majors of this institute, explored the construction of practical teaching bases and made some experiences, which have some reference significance to the practical teaching reform in colleges and universities.

　　1 Exploration and practice of on-campus practice teaching base construction

　　1.1 Current situation of on-campus practical teaching base

　　The on-campus practical teaching of mechanical students in Wanfang College of Science and Technology mainly relies on Henan University of Technology Engineering Training Center. The predecessor of the Engineering Training Center is the internship factory of the university, which has been responsible for the teaching of production operation and metalworking internship since its establishment. With the improvement of the requirements of higher education on the practical ability of college students, the internship factory has been developed into a national experimental teaching demonstration center which focuses on practical teaching and takes into account the transformation of production and scientific research.

For students of different grades and majors, four levels of engineering awareness, engineering practical training and practice, engineering synthesis and research innovation are available in the center, including more than 20 practical courses and 80 training programs, such as engineering awareness, conventional cold and hot machining, CNC special machining techniques, electrical and electronic process training. Besides, the center improves students’ hands-on practice ability and innovation spirit by organizing them to participate in a series of university, provincial and national competitions, such as the university student engineering comprehensive ability competition, robotics competition and mechanical design innovation competition.

　　1.2 The main problems of the on-campus practice teaching base at present

　　1.2.1 The production tasks are not full, and the demonstration role of students in practical training is weakened

　　In addition to the practical teaching tasks, the Engineering Training Center also produces JT, JTP and JK series of mine hoisting equipment, which serves the small and medium-sized mining enterprises in China. There are complete departments of product design, production and processing, product inspection, supply, sales and finance.

When students have practical training in real production environment, they are able to combine theory and practice, training and production, and cultivate their engineering consciousness, which is very different from practical training in a simulated environment. With the change of economic situation, the number of small and medium-sized mining enterprises decreases and the central production tasks are insufficient, which leads to the fact that when students have practical training, they only see a small amount of production equipment in operation, and the processing and assembly production of products is not systematic, and the demonstration role of the real production environment to students is weakened.

　　1.2.2 The increasing popularity of modern processing technology, the traditional processing technology practical training projects are difficult to take

　　With the increasing popularity of CNC technology, special processing in, the center timely purchase of CNC machine tools, EDM wire processing, laser processing, 3D printing and other modern processing equipment, one after another opened a variety of modern processing technology practical training projects. But the total time is limited, adding new projects, it is necessary to reduce the original project, the traditional turning, milling, planing, grinding, drilling, clamping, casting, welding, forging, heat treatment and other practical training projects belong to a complete mechanical processing system, each special?c, or efficient, or precision, or applicability. Shorten the practical training time of each item will reduce the effect of practical training, and remove individual items, and make the practical training not systematic.

　　1.2.3 Newly opened modern processing practical training projects, instructors have certain difficulties in matching

　　Most of the existing practical training instructors in the center have production processing experience and can master traditional processing equipment to guide practical training, but the average age is large, and the enthusiasm of learning and mastering modern processing technology is not high enough, and the introduction or increase of new instructors is restricted by various conditions, so it is more difficult for new personnel to enter, and it appears that advanced equipment is purchased and new practical training projects are opened, but it is difficult to choose the right personnel.

　　1.3 Main countermeasures

　　1.3.1 In response to the problem that the production tasks are not full and the demonstration role is weakened, the center, on the one hand, makes reasonable arrangements to ensure that the production can be continued, while placing blanks, semi-finished and finished products of typical parts near the equipment, making part processing process diagrams; stocking parts of products, complete machines and display boards introducing product specifications, performance and usage for reference of practical training students.

On the other hand, we increase the development of products, from market research, product design, prototype trial production, economic analysis, performance improvement of the whole process, available for students to participate and understand, providing them with a real environment, and even for the newly developed products set some sub-projects for students to practice as a graduation design topic, to improve the effect of practical training.

　　1.3.2 The center has taken two measures to solve the problem of modern processing technology instead of traditional processing technology for practical training.

First, combining traditional and modern technologies, adding modern machining projects while appropriately shortening the training time of traditional projects. Second, set some of the practical training items that are not used much on site as optional practical training items for different majors, or interested students, to ensure the continuation of the program. For example, planing, grinding, gas welding and other items.

　　1.3.3 For the phenomenon that it is difficult to match instructors with the added advanced equipment, the center has adopted the practice training items that are optional, and the original instructors must master more than 2 techniques through training to ensure the workload of the practice training. For the newly added practical training projects requiring certain professional knowledge, such as 3D printing, laser processing and other advanced technologies, the center adopts training, further training of existing instructors, or adopts the method of personnel agency to introduce professional personnel to undertake the teaching work of the project.

　　2 Exploration and practice of off-campus practice teaching base construction

　　Although the teaching system of on-campus practice base is complete and students can do hands-on practical training, the practical training program is basically the training of equipment operation skills, and the establishment of off-campus practice teaching base can make the practical teaching link more perfect.

　　2.1 The current situation of off-campus practice teaching base

　　The internship of mechanical students of Wanfang Institute of Science and Technology is mainly carried out in more than 10 enterprises, such as China Yituo Group Co. The production types of the enterprises include both large-scale production of assembly lines and production of large equipment in small batches; there are both precision machinery products and general mechanical equipment production. The internship not only broadens students’ horizons, but also cultivates mechanical engineering awareness.

　　2.2 Main problems of off-campus practice teaching base 　　

2.2.1 The quality of practical teaching needs to be improved

　　When practical training is carried out in off-campus practical teaching base, it is mostly in the way of enterprise personnel introducing the situation of enterprises and products and students writing internship reports, and students focus on understanding the status of products and equipment of enterprises during practical training. Independent in-depth thinking is not enough, and the combination with the knowledge learned is not enough. The real gain of practical training is not much, and cannot achieve the intended purpose of practical training.

　　2.2.2 The enthusiasm of enterprise participation needs to be strengthened

　　When carrying out practical teaching, the technical personnel of enterprises are required to participate in guidance, which has certain manpower and material consumption, affecting the normal production of enterprises and bringing pressure to the safety production of enterprises; coupled with the fact that the technology of some enterprises needs to be kept secret and the school provides little funding for internship, etc., it does not play an obvious role in promoting the development of enterprises, resulting in the low enthusiasm of enterprises for students’ practical training.

　　2.3 Main countermeasures.

　　2.3.1 Scientific and reasonable selection of off-campus practical training bases

　　Through in-depth investigation of the geographical location, production status and equipment of the enterprises, we choose the enterprises with good economic benefits and strong basic technology with systematic and complete process flow and matching equipment and facilities. Among them there are both large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Large enterprises have relatively stable operation and better management systems; small and medium-sized enterprises have a large number of enterprises and a strong desire to establish cooperative relationships with the university.

　　2.3.2 Hiring relevant personnel of enterprises as enterprise instructors

　　The enterprise selects the personnel with strong professional skills to undertake the practical teaching and management, and our college hires these engineers with rich practical experience as the enterprise tutors of students. Especially in the teaching link of graduation design, the enterprise tutors take the problems existing or ready to be solved in the production process of this enterprise as the graduation design topic, and select outstanding students to carry out internship and graduation design in this enterprise. Some students find their ideal jobs through the exercise in the off-campus production practice base. Enterprises also select talents suitable for the development of this enterprise through this teaching link.

　　2.3.3 Arranging teachers with the right specialty to cooperate with enterprises in school-enterprise cooperation

　　In the process of building practical teaching bases, our college also organizes teachers with solid professional foundation as the counterpart contact person with enterprises, they give full play to their professional strengths and scientific research advantages, jointly conduct scientific research and technical research with technicians of enterprises, develop new products for enterprises, carry out technical transformation, conduct professional training and lectures on cutting-edge science and technology for employees of enterprises, etc. Meanwhile, enterprises also give strong support to practical teaching in schools. 2.3.4 Improve teaching

　　2.3.4 Improve teaching and assessment methods to ensure the quality of practical teaching

　　According to the requirements of practical teaching, our college and enterprises have also established a teaching quality monitoring and evaluation system to monitor the students’ practice process and objectively evaluate the students’ practice teaching performance. Students are managed in an “employee-like” way, and those who enter the enterprise are treated like new employees and follow the management of the enterprise. The enterprise encourages students to put forward good suggestions and measures to improve or promote the development of the enterprise in the process of internship, and rewards are given to the adopted suggestions or measures, which to a certain extent improve students’ interest in learning, regulate the practice teaching behavior and ensure the quality of teaching.

　　3 Conclusion

　　The construction of practical teaching base is an important part of practical teaching, colleges and universities which mainly cultivate application-oriented talents should strengthen the construction of on-campus practical training base, and at the same time, they should combine their own discipline and professional advantages, adopt the cooperation mechanism of school-enterprise reciprocity to construct and operate off-campus practical teaching base, so as to achieve good teaching effect and realize the talent cultivation goal of colleges and universities